26th November is observed as ‘Constitution Day’ To celebrate the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Government of India (Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment) decided to observe ‘Constitution Day’ on 26th November w.e.f 2015.
The provisions of the constitution came into force on January 26, 1950 and this date is referred to in the Constitution as the date of its commencement.
The Constitution of India is divided into several parts, which are as follows:
| Part | Article | Provisions |
| Preamble | ||
| I | 1 to 4 | The Union and Its Territory |
| II | 5 to 11 | Citizenship |
| III | 12 to 35 | Fundamental Rights |
| IV | 36 to 51 | Directive Principles of State Policy |
| IV A | 51 A | Fundamental Duties |
| V | 52 to 151 | The Union |
| VI | 152 to 237 | The States |
| VII | 238 | The States in part B of the first Schedule |
| VIII | 239 to 242 | The Union Territories |
| IX | 243 to 243-O | The Panchayats |
| IX A | 243 P to 243ZG | The Municipalities |
| IX B | 243 ZH to 243 ZT | The Co-operative Societies |
| X | 244 to 244A | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas |
| XI | 245 to 263 | Relations between the Union and the States |
| XII | 264 to 300 A | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits |
| XIII | 301 to 307 | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India |
| XIV | 308 to 323 | Services under the Union and the States |
| XIV A | 323 A to 323 B | Tribunals |
| XV | 324 to 329 A | Elections |
| XVI | 330 to 342 | Special Provisions relating to certain classes |
| XVII | 343 to 351 | Official Language |
| XVIII | 352 to 360 | Emergency Provisions |
| XIX | 361 to 367 | Miscellaneous |
| XX | 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
| XXI | 369 to 392 | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions |
| XXII | 393 to 395 | Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals |
Description:-
- Part I: This part contains the preamble of the Constitution, which sets out the basic principles and ideals on which the Constitution is based.
- Part II: This part contains the fundamental rights, which are the basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all citizens of the country.
- Part III: This part contains the directive principles of state policy, which are guidelines for the government to follow in framing and implementing laws and policies.
- Part IV: This part contains the fundamental duties of citizens, which are the duties that every citizen of India is expected to fulfill.
- Part V: This part contains the provisions relating to the Union, which includes the structure and powers of the central government.
- Part VI: This part contains the provisions relating to the states, which includes the structure and powers of the state governments.
- Part VII: This part contains the provisions relating to the territories of India, which includes the administration and control of the Union and state territories.
- Part VIII: This part contains the provisions relating to the relations between the Union and the states.
- Part IX: This part contains the provisions relating to the panchayats, which are the local self-government institutions at the village level.
- Part IXA: This part contains the provisions relating to the municipalities, which are the local self-government institutions at the urban level.
- Part X: This part contains the provisions relating to the scheduled and tribal areas, which are the areas inhabited by the scheduled tribes and other tribal communities.
- Part XI: This part contains the provisions relating to relations between the Union and the states, which includes the allocation of powers and functions between the Union and the states.
- Part XII: This part contains the provisions relating to the finances, which includes the distribution of revenues and taxes between the Union and the states.
- Part XIII: This part contains the provisions relating to trade, commerce, and intercourse within the territory of India, which includes the regulation of inter-state trade and commerce.
- Part XIV: This part contains the provisions relating to services under the Union and the states, which includes the recruitment, conditions of service, and discipline of the public servants.
- Part XIVA: This part contains the provisions relating to the co-operative societies, which are voluntary organizations of individuals for the promotion of their economic interests.
- Part XV: This part contains the provisions relating to the elections, which includes the conduct of elections to the Parliament and the state legislatures.
- Part XVI: This part contains the provisions relating to special provisions relating to certain classes, which includes the provisions relating to the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes.
- Part XVII: This part contains the provisions relating to the official language of the Union, which includes the use and status of Hindi
- Part XVIII: This part contains the provisions relating to the emergency powers of the Union and the states, which includes the provisions for declaring a national or state emergency in case of a war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
- Part XIX: This part contains the provisions relating to miscellaneous subjects, which includes the provisions relating to the electoral college for the President, the power of the President to grant pardons, and the power of the Parliament to create new states.
- Part XX: This part contains the provisions relating to the amendment of the Constitution, which includes the procedure for amending the different parts of the Constitution.
- Part XXI: This part contains the provisions relating to temporary, transitional, and special provisions, which includes the provisions for the transition from the Government of India Act, 1935 to the Constitution, and the special provisions for the states of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Part XXII: This part contains the short title, commencement, authoritativeness of text, and repeals, which includes the information about the title of the Constitution, the date of its commencement, the authenticity of the Hindi and English versions of the Constitution, and the repeal of the existing laws and regulations.
- Part XXIII: This part contains the schedules, which are the lists of various topics that are relevant to the functioning of the government, such as the list of states and territories, the forms of oaths, the list of languages, and the taxes and duties.