Ocean of Knowledge
Rock Art (Part-1) 01 Mar 2021 10 min read About Rock Arts are ancient, human-made markings/paintings/sculptures made on natural stone. Rock art consists of paintings, drawings, engravings, stencils, prints, bas-relief carvings and figures in rock shelters and caves, on boulders and platforms. India houses one of the largest, richest and most diverse repositories of rock…
Rock Art (Part-2) 09 Mar 2021 14 min read Rock Art (Part-I) Rock-Cut Architecture About: The rock-cut architecture is a type of Rock Art in which a structure is created by carving it out of solid natural rock. Cave temples and monasteries are found in many parts of India, but the largest and most famous…
Dams and Destruction 16 Mar 2021 13 min read Introduction About: A dam is a structure built across a river or stream to hold back water. Over the centuries dams have been built using different materials. Ancient dam builders used natural materials such as rocks or clay while today most dams are built using concrete….
British Conquest for Bengal: Battles of Plassey and Buxar 12 Apr 2021 13 min read Bengal in the 17th-18th Century In Mughal Period: Bengal was the most fertile and the richest province of the Mughal Empire and included present day Bangladesh and states of Bihar and Odisha. The authoritative powers of the province lay in…
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Types of Forests in India 26 Apr 2021 12 min read Introduction Definition of Forest: At present, in India, there is no clear nationally-accepted definition of ‘forest’. States are responsible for determining their definition of forests. The prerogative of the states to define forests stems from a 1996 Supreme Court order called the T.N. Godavarman…
Reforms and Administration under Lord Curzon 10 May 2021 15 min read About Lord Curzon George Nathaniel Curzon (11 January, 1859- 20 March, 1925) born in Kedleston Hall, England was a British statesman and foreign secretary who during his terms in office played a major role in British policy making. Lord Curzon succeeded Lord Elgin…
Government of India Act, 1919 25 May 2021 12 min read Introduction Background: In 1918, Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy, produced their scheme of constitutional reforms, known as the Montagu-Chelmsford (or Mont-Ford) Reforms, which led to the enactment of the Government of India Act of 1919. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which…
Swadeshi and Boycott Movement 15 Jun 2021 9 min read Introduction Emergence of Nationalism: It was only in the 19th Century that the concept of a national identity and national consciousness emerged. The social, economic and political factors had inspired the people to define and achieve their national identity. Causes of Growing Nationalism: Recognising True…
Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement 21 Jun 2021 14 min read Introduction Mass Movements: Two mass movements were organized in 1919-1922 to oppose the British rule in India are the Khilafat movement and the Non-Cooperation movement. The movements, despite having different issues, adopted a unified plan of action of non-violence and non-cooperation. This time period saw…
Peasant Movements in India 12 Jul 2021 12 min read Introduction Peasant Struggles: In these struggles, the peasants emerged as the main force, fighting directly for their own demands. The movements in the period between 1858 and 1914 tended to remain localised, disjointed and confined to particular grievances, contrary to the movements after 1914. Causes…