Sukapha (1228-1268): The Founder of the Ahom Dynasty
Sukapha, a pivotal figure in Assam’s history, led the Ahom people from the Shan Branch of the Tai family of Southeast Asia. Departing from his homeland of Mong Mao in approximately 1215 due to a familial dispute, Sukapha embarked on a quest for fortune elsewhere.
As Sukapha traversed the Patkai via the Hukong valley, he subdued local tribes, gradually making his way to the Brahmaputra valley by 1228. Here, he established Charaideo as the first Ahom capital in 1253, after spending years subjugating warring tribes from the Hukong valley to the Patkai range.
In his administration, Sukapha appointed Burhagohain and Borgohain, two counselors from the nobility, to assist him. He initiated the recording of historical events, marking the inception of Buranji writing in Assam, aimed at educating the populace.
Sukapha’s leadership was characterized by his unwavering energy, courage, foresight, and diplomatic acumen. Rather than approaching tribes as conquerors, he sought agricultural settlement lands, respecting local peasants’ territories and fostering cooperation through feasts and cultural engagements.
Prioritizing peace, Sukapha resorted to force only when peaceful resolutions failed. His reign ended with his demise in 1268, succeeded by his son Suteupha (1268-1281), marking the continuation of the Ahom Dynasty’s legacy in Assam.