Suhungmung (1497-1539): A Transformative Era in Ahom History
Suhungmung’s reign marks a significant epoch in the political and cultural trajectory of the Ahom kingdom, characterized by notable reforms and territorial expansions.
Capital Shift and Title Assumption:
- Known as Dihingia Roja, Suhungmung shifted the capital to Bakata, situated on the banks of the Dihing River.
- He was the first Ahom ruler to adopt a Hindu title, ‘Swarganarayan,’ signaling a shift towards Hindu cultural influences.
Calendar Reform and Literary Milestone:
- Suhungmung introduced the Saka era in place of the traditional Ahom system of calculation based on a cycle of 60 years.
- The first Buranji in Assamese, titled ‘SriSri Swarganarayan Maharajar Janma Katha,’ was written during his reign, marking a significant literary achievement.
Conflicts and Conquests:
- Border disputes with the Chutias in 1513 escalated into conflict, culminating in the execution of the last Chutia ruler, Nitipal (Chandranarayan), in 1528.
- The victory over the Chutias was commemorated with the Rikkhvan ceremony, and their territory was annexed, with Sadiyakhowa Gohain appointed as the administrator of the Sadiya area.
- Expansionist policies led to conflicts with the Kacharis, resulting in the acquisition of plains territory up to the Dhansiri River in 1531 and subsequent annexation of the Dhansiri valley up to the Kalang River in 1536.
- Suhungmung faced the invasion of Assam by Turbak Khan from Bengal in 1532, resulting in Ahom victory despite casualties, including the death of prominent general Phrasenmung and his wife Mulagabharu, who died fighting alongside him.
Diplomatic Endeavors and Succession:
- Suhungmung pursued diplomatic efforts to form alliances against Muslim expansion, including sending a peace mission to the ruler of Orissa, Vikramsena.
- Despite his achievements, Suhungmung’s reign ended in 1539 due to a conspiracy orchestrated by his son Suklenmung.
Suhungmung’s reign was marked by significant political and cultural transformations, laying the groundwork for the Ahom kingdom’s continued expansion and influence in the region.