The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, and it lays down the framework for the political, social, and economic governance of the country. The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and it came into effect on January 26, 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day in India.
The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government, with a parliamentary system of democracy. It provides for a separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, and it guarantees certain fundamental rights to all citizens of the country. It also includes a set of Directive Principles of State Policy, which are guidelines for the government to follow in framing and implementing laws and policies.
The Constitution of India has a total of 444 articles, 12 schedules, and 98 amendments. It is written in two languages: Hindi and English. Both versions of the Constitution are equally authentic, and either version can be used in the courts and other judicial proceedings. The Constitution can be amended by a simple majority of the Parliament, but certain provisions can only be amended by a special majority, which requires the support of at least two-thirds of the members present and voting.
The Constitution of India is considered to be one of the most comprehensive and flexible constitutions in the world. It has been praised for its vision, its inclusiveness, and its adaptability to the changing needs of the country. It has played a crucial role in shaping the political, social, and economic landscape of India, and it continues to guide the governance of the country.
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